Effects of Raised Heel Insole on Muscle Activity during ankle Sudden Inversion in Normal Adults

d78908ba-8bd2-4417-bc74-7f1e7af4732120241113062529630wseas:wseasmdt@crossref.orgMDT DepositWSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICINE2224-29021109-951810.37394/23208http://wseas.org/wseas/cms.action?id=40111820241820242110.37394/23208.2024.21https://wseas.com/journals/bab/2024.phpEffects of Raised Heel Insole on Muscle Activity during ankle Sudden Inversion in Normal AdultsJongsungChangDepartment of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, SOUTH KOREASeungminNamDepartment of Sports Rehabilitation, Yeungnam University College, Daegu, SOUTH KOREARaised heel insoles increase the plantar flexion angle of the ankle and cause ankle inversion sprain. The purpose of this study was to artificially create an ankle sudden inversion situation, which is a mechanical situation of actual ankle joint damage, and investigate the effect of the raised heel insole on ankle joint muscle activity. The subjects of this study were forty subjects with normal adults. The subjects performed sudden ankle inversion on the trapdoor with no raised heel insole, insole heights of 3cm, and insole heights of 7cm. The application of the raised heel insole was conducted randomly. The subjects performed the trapdoor test three times using dominant feet with a 60-second rest period between tests. This study assessed muscle activity during sudden ankle inversion three times. Raised heel insoles showed a significant decrease in Tibialis Anterior, Peroneus Longus, and Peroneus Brevis muscle activity than no raised heel insole (p<.05). Raised heel insoles showed a significant increase in Gastrocnemius muscle activity than no raised heel insole (p<.05). Raised heel insoles increase the risk of ankle sprain injury by reducing tibialis anterior and peroneus muscle activity during sudden ankle inversion.111320241113202435636236https://wseas.com/journals/bab/2024/a725103-1325.pdf10.37394/23208.2024.21.36https://wseas.com/journals/bab/2024/a725103-1325.pdf10.3390/jcm11102683Schmid-Zalaudek, K., Fischer, T., Száva, Z., Lackner, H. K., Kropiunig, U., Bittner, C., Peternell, G. (2022). Kinetic Gait Parameters in Unilateral Lower Limb Amputations and Normal Gait in Able-Bodied: Reference Values for Clinical Application. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(10), 2683. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102683. 10.1016/j.mporth.2020.03.009Shah, K., Solan, M., & Dawe, E. (2020). The gait cycle and its variations with disease and injury. Orthopaedics and Trauma, 34(3), 153-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mporth.2020.03.009 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.11.012Lai, Y. C., Lin, H. S., Pan, H. F., Chang, W. N., Hsu, C. J., & Renn, J. H. (2014). Impact of foot progression angle on the distribution of plantar pressure in normal children. Clinical Biomechanics, 29(2), 196-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2013.1 1.012. 10.1186/1757-1146-4-3Wegener, C., Hunt, A. E., Vanwanseele, B., Burns, J., & Smith, R. M. (2011). Effect of children's shoes on gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 4(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-1146-4-3. 10.1016/s0169-8141(01)00038-5Lee, C. M., Jeong, E. H., & Freivalds, A. (2001). Biomechanical effects of wearing high-heeled shoes. International journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 28(6), 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169- 8141(01)00038-5. 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010053Barnish, M. S., & Barnish, J. (2016). Highheeled shoes and musculoskeletal injuries: a narrative systematic review. BMJ open, 6(1), e010053. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen2015-010053. 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.01.004Cronin, N. J. (2014). The effects of high heeled shoes on female gait: a review. Journal of electromyography and kinesiology, 24(2), 258-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.01.004. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.036Wiedemeijer, M. M., & Otten, E. (2018). Effects of high heeled shoes on gait. A review. Gait & posture, 61, 423-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.03 6. 10.1080/00140139.2015.1068956Hapsari, V. D., & Xiong, S. (2016). Effects of high heeled shoes wearing experience and heel height on human standing balance and functional mobility. Ergonomics, 59(2), 249- 264. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2015.1068 956. 10.5535/arm.2013.37.1.10Bok, S. K., Lee, T. H., & Lee, S. S. (2013). The effects of changes of ankle strength and range of motion according to aging on balance. Annals of rehabilitation medicine, 37(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.5535/arm.2013.37.1.10. 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000603Chen, E. T., McInnis, K. C., & Borg-Stein, J. (2019). Ankle sprains: evaluation, rehabilitation, and prevention. Current sports medicine reports, 18(6), 217-223. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.00000000000006 03. 10.4085/1062-6050-447-17Herzog, M. M., Kerr, Z. Y., Marshall, S. W., & Wikstrom, E. A. (2019). Epidemiology of ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability. Journal of athletic training, 54(6), 603-610. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-447-17. 10.1007/s00421-006-0356-9Ty Hopkins, J., McLoda, T., & McCaw, S. (2007). Muscle activation following sudden ankle inversion during standing and walking. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(4), 371-378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-006-0356-9. 10.1016/s1050-6411(00)00027-4Hermens, H. J., Freriks, B., Disselhorst-Klug, C., & Rau, G. (2000). Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. Journal of electromyography and Kinesiology, 10(5), 361-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050- 6411(00)00027-4. 10.31083/jomh.2021.061Cha, Y. J. (2021). Effects of wearing raisedheel insoles for 60 days on physical functions: focusing on adult males in their twenties. Journal of Men's Health, 17(4), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.31083/jomh.2021.061. 10.37394/23203.2022.17.66Chang, J. S., & Nam, S. M., (2022). Effects of Ankle Eversion Taping on Muscle Activity in Chronic Ankle Instability Adults during Sudden Inversion. WSEAS Transactions on Systems and Control, 17, 599-604. https://doi.org/10.37394/23203.2022.17.66. 10.5103/kjsb.2014.24.2.131Cho, J. H., & Kim, R. B. (2014). The effect of raised heel insole and landing height on the shock absorption mechanism during drop landing. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 24(2), 131-138. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.2.131. 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.01.017Nguyen, L. Y., Harris, K. D., Morelli, K. M., & Tsai, L. C. (2021). Increased knee flexion and varus moments during gait with highheeled shoes: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Gait & Posture, 85, 117-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.01.01 7. 10.1123/ijsb.2.2.100Isakov, E., Mizrahi, J., Solzi, P., Susak, Z., & Lotem, M. (1986). Response of the peroneal muscles to sudden inversion of the ankle during standing. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2(2), 100-109. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsb.2.2.100. 10.1123/jab.28.1.20Simonsen, E. B., Svendsen, M. B., Nørreslet, A., Baldvinsson, H. K., Heilskov-Hansen, T., Larsen, P. K., & Henriksen, M. (2012). Walking on high heels changes muscle activity and the dynamics of human walking significantly. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 28(1), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.1.20. 10.5103/kjsb.2010.20.4.479Ryu, J. S. (2010). Effects of high-heeled shoe with different height on the balance during standing and walking. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 20(4), 479-486. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2010.20.4.479. 10.1177/0363546504268137Willems, T. M., Witvrouw, E., Delbaere, K., Mahieu, N., De Bourdeaudhuij, L., & De Clercq, D. (2005). Intrinsic risk factors for inversion ankle sprains in male subjects: a prospective study. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 33(3), 415-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504268137. 10.7547/0990512Cowley, E. E., Chevalier, T. L., & Chockalingam, N. (2009). The effect of heel height on gait and posture: a review of the literature. Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 99(6), 512-518. https://doi.org/10.7547/0990512.