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        <full_title>WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS</full_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1109-9526</issn>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2224-2899</issn>
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        <titles>
          <title>Determinants of Public Health Spending</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Leward</given_name>
            <surname>Jeke</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Nelson Mandela University Department of Economics SOUTH AFRICA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Robson</given_name>
            <surname>Manenge</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Midlands State University Department of Economics ZIMBABWE</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Henry</given_name>
            <surname>Muleya</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Lupane State University Department of Accounting and Finance ZIMBABWE </institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Pierre</given_name>
            <surname>Le Roux</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Nelson Mandela University Department of Economics SOUTH AFRICA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Sanderson</given_name>
            <surname>Abel</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Nelson Mandela University Department of Economics SOUTH AFRICA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
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        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>An essential component of any economy's growth is the health sector, which receives substantial funding, mostly from the government. The research community is now interested in understanding the determinants of substantial financial support to health , given the shrinking budgetary space in most African countries. The study investigates how economic growth, government effectiveness, government revenue, technology, and labour participation rate affect public health spending in the SADC region. The autoregressive distributed lag model was adopted as the methodology for the study. The results show that public health spending is influenced positively by economic growth. Technology, total government spending, and government effectiveness negatively affect public health spending. The policy recommendation drawing from the study is that governments should institute pro-growth policies to improve health spending and spur better health outcomes.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>12</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2025</year>
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        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>12</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2025</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>2853</first_page>
        </pages>
        <publisher_item>
          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">224</item_number>
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          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US</ai:license_ref>
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          <doi>10.37394/23207.2025.22.224</doi>
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