NONE 20251217121419052 wseas/wseas content-registration-form+ja@crossref.org content-registration-form WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 1109-2734 2224-266X Paul Ciprian Patic Automatics and Informatics Department, University Valahia of Targoviste, Targoviste, Dambovita, ROMANIA Sorting is the way in which items are rearranged according to certain criteria. For example, they can be sorted by size, weight, color, texture, shape of objects, etc. At first, sorting was done manually by workers until intelligent and automatic sorting systems appeared. These are based on sensors, cameras, stepper motors, and a program implemented for proper operation and obtaining the desired results. Optical Sorting, sometimes called digital sorting, is the automated process of sorting solid products, using cameras, sensors, or lasers. Depending on the sensors used and the intelligence based on the software of the image processing system, optical sorting can recognize color, size, shape, structural properties, and also chemical composition. 12 17 2025 12 17 2025 246 26 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US 10.37394/23201.2025.24.26 https://wseas.com/journals/cas/2025/a525101-022(2025).pdf S. Berian, V. Maties, Trans disciplinarity and mechatronics, Curtea Veche Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 2011. R. F. Dumitru – Industrial Sorting, License Theme Degree (coordinated by Dragomir F.), Targoviste, 2018. I. Armas, Robotics – Integrated Manufacturing, A.G.I.R Publishing House, Bucharest, 2011. ArduinoDocs. https://www.arduino.cc/reference/en/, [Online]. (Accessed Date: March 10, 2025). A. Dutta, Robotic Systems - Applications, Control and Programming”, Publisher Intech, 2015. Arduino, [Online]. https://www.arduino.cc (Accessed Date: March 10, 2025). Programming Electronics Academy, [Online]. https://programmingelectronics.com/how-toset-up-an-lcd-with-arduino/ (Accessed Date: March 15, 2025). T. Borangiu, A. Dumitrache, F. D. Anton, Robots Programming, A.G.I.R, Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010. ArduinoStore, [Online]. https://store.arduino.cc/arduino-nano (Accessed Date: March 11, 2025). ArduinoStore, Mega 2560 Rev3, [Online]. https://store.arduino.cc/arduino-mega-2560- rev3 (Accessed Date: March, 2025). Arrow. Arduino Mega 2560 Board: Specs, Pinout, & Capabilities, [Online]. https://www.arrow.com/en/research-andevents/articles/arduino-mega-2560-overview (Accessed Date: March 1, 2025). Arduino. What is Arduino?, [Online]. https://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/Introduction / (Accessed Date: March 15, 2025). P. C. Patic, F. I. Popa, R. Zemouri, Automatic line for sorting and identification parts in industrial manufacturing, Proceedings of the 33rd International Business Information Management Association - IBIMA 2019, 10- 11 April 2019, Granada, Spain, Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020, 2018, ISBN: 978-0- 9998551-2-6, pp. 2982 - 2994. AutoDeskInstructables, [Online]. http://www.instructables.com/id/ControlNema-Stepper-Motor-With-Arduino-andMicro-/ (Accessed Date: March 8, 2025). Circuit Digest. Arduino Stepper Motor Control Tutorial with Code and Circuit Diagram, [Online]. https://circuitdigest.com/microcontrollerprojects/arduino-stepper-motor-controltutorial (Accessed Date: March 8, 2025). Flowchart Maker and Online Diagram Software, [Online]. https://www.draw.io/ (Accessed Date: March 8, 2025). RepRap. NEMA 17 Stepper motor, [Online]. https://reprap.org/wiki/NEMA_17_Stepper_m otor (Accessed Date: March 8, 2025). Prusa Research. Original Prusa i3 MK2S support, [Online]. https://help.prusa3d.com/product/mk2s (Accessed Date: March 8, 2025). HowToMechatronics.com. Arduino Color Sensing Tutorial – TCS230 TCS3200 Color Sensor, [Online]. https://howtomechatronics.com/tutorials/ardui no/arduino-color-sensing-tutorial-tcs230- tcs3200-color-sensor/ (Accessed Date: March 8, 2025). I. Mărgineanu, Programming Controllers, Albastră Publishing House, Cluj-Napoca, 2005.