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      <journal_metadata>
        <full_title>WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT</full_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1790-5079</issn>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2224-3496</issn>
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      <journal_article>
        <titles>
          <title>Criminal Responsibility Resulting from Attacks on Frozen Eggs in Freezing Banks in Jordanian Legislation (A Comparative Study)</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Mohammad Hussein Mohammad</given_name>
            <surname>Al-Ahmad</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Faculty of Law, Amman Arab University, Amman, JORDAN </institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Mohammad A’sem Talal</given_name>
            <surname>Alsabah</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Jordanian Bar Association, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Mohammad Salm Abu Sitta</given_name>
            <surname>Al-Shahin</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Faculty of Law, Amman Arab University, Amman, JORDAN </institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Manal Omar</given_name>
            <surname>Hamad Al-Brezat</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Faculty of Law, Amman Arab University, Amman, JORDAN </institution_name>
              </institution>
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        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>This study dealt with the regulation of the law for the subject of freezing non-fertilized eggs in freezing banks by Jordanian legislation and comparative laws, as women freeze their eggs for reasons of their own as medical reasons and age. The study followed several research approaches, including the descriptive approach and analytical approach. The study found that the process of freezing eggs that takes place in the Kingdom is constantly increasing as a result of medical developments, and this entails legal problems in light of the lack of Jordanian laws to regulate punishment for assault on frozen eggs. The researchers concluded that filling the gap in the law is to criminalize the aggressor with the crime of abuse of credit if damage and caused to frozen eggs.. This study recommended that the legislator needs to make amendments to the Penal Code, the Medical Liability Law, and the Medical Constitution so that it is explicitly stipulated to punish the assault on eggs in freezing banks.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>02</month>
          <day>25</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>02</month>
          <day>25</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>171</first_page>
        </pages>
        <publisher_item>
          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">13</item_number>
        </publisher_item>
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          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US</ai:license_ref>
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          <doi>10.37394/232015.2026.22.13</doi>
          <resource>https://wseas.com/journals/ead/2026/a265115-1444.pdf</resource>
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          <citation key="ref0">
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          <citation key="ref1">
            <unstructured_citation>Robertson, J. A. (2014). Egg freezing and egg banking: empowerment and alienation in assisted reproduction. Journal of Law and the Biosciences,1(2),113-136. https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsu002.</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="ref2">
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          <citation key="ref3">
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          <citation key="ref4">
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          <citation key="ref5">
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          <citation key="ref6">
            <unstructured_citation>Bayefsky, M. J. (2020). Legal and ethical analysis of advertising for elective egg freezing. Journal of Law, Medicine &amp; Ethics, 48(4), 748-764. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073110520979386.</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="ref7">
            <unstructured_citation>Harwood, K. A. (2015). On the ethics of social egg freezing and fertility preservation for nonmedical reasons. Medicolegal and bioethics, 59-67.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref8">
            <unstructured_citation>Gao, S., &amp; Liu, G. (2025). Justification of Social Egg Freezing and Regulatory Response: China’s Law and Practice. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-024-10409-0.</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="ref9">
            <unstructured_citation>Mertes, H., &amp; Pennings, G. (2011). Social egg freezing: for better, not for worse. Reproductive biomedicine online, 23(7), 824- 829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.09.010</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref10">
            <unstructured_citation>Yasin, Y., Sahar, S., Saepulloh, A., &amp; Yahyaoui, A. (2025). Fatwa of MUI and Islamic Jurisprudence Council on Stem Cells from The Perspective of Qawaid Fiqhiyyah. Samarah: Journal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, 9(2), 825-847. https://doi.org/10.22373/hrfb1r83.</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="ref11">
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          <citation key="ref12">
            <unstructured_citation>Alazzam, F. A. F., Al-zoubi, T. M. H., Rafat, A., Al-Maagbeh, M. M., Bani-Meqdad, M. A. M., &amp; Shakhatreh, H. J. M. (2024). Legal responsibility for negative effects of the vaccine: Nature and financial compensation. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(5), 1997-2006. doi: 10.55214/25768484.v8i3.1940.</unstructured_citation>
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          <citation key="ref13">
            <unstructured_citation>AlAhmad, M. H. M. (2021). The Crime of Using a Surrogate Mother in the Jordanian Penal Code and Islamic Sharia: A Comparative Study. Rigeo, 11(5).</unstructured_citation>
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