<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch version="5.4.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.4.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.4.0 https://www.crossref.org/schemas/crossref5.4.0.xsd" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xmlns:fr="http://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" xmlns:rel="http://www.crossref.org/relations.xsd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <head>
    <doi_batch_id>NONE</doi_batch_id>
    <timestamp>20260316070716728</timestamp>
    <depositor>
      <depositor_name>wseas/wseas</depositor_name>
      <email_address>content-registration-form+ja@crossref.org</email_address>
    </depositor>
    <registrant>content-registration-form</registrant>
  </head>
  <body>
    <journal>
      <journal_metadata>
        <full_title>WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT</full_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1790-5079</issn>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2224-3496</issn>
      </journal_metadata>
      <journal_article>
        <titles>
          <title>An Evaluation of Albanian Adriatic Sea Cost Destinations to Better Understand Tourist Motivations and their Profiles</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Ani</given_name>
            <surname>Mbrica</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Business and Finance, Faculty of Business and Law, Tirana Business University College, Rezervat e Shtetit Street, Lundër, Tiranë, ALBANIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Mirjam</given_name>
            <surname>Dibra</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Tourism Department, Faculty of Economics, University of Shkodra "Luigj Gurakuqi", Square 2 Prill, Shkodër, ALBANIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Ermira</given_name>
            <surname>Qosja</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Management Department, Faculty of Business, Aleksander Moisiu University, Durrës, University Campus, Miqësia Street, Spitallë, Durrës, ALBANIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Nevila</given_name>
            <surname>Çinaj</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Tourism Department, Faculty of Business, Aleksander Moisiu University, Durrës, University Campus, Miqësia Street, Spitallë, Durrës, ALBANIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Enida</given_name>
            <surname>Pulaj (Brakaj)</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Business Department, Faculty of Economy, University of Vlora "Ismail Qemali", L.Pavarësia. Kosova Street, Vlorë, ALBANIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
        </contributors>
        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>Albania offers spectacular natural beauty and a profound cultural inheritance, making it a booming destination for domestic and international tourists. This article examines and contrasts the tourism segments of three main coastal destinations in Albania: Vlora, Shkodër and Durrës. .It aims to identify differences in tourist typology based on travel motivation, travel behaviour, and key factors influencing the choice of destination. The research employs the methods of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and cluster analysis on a sample of 653 visitors who participated in a structured online survey conducted in Albanian (targeting visitors from Albanian-speaking countries) and came from Albania, Kosovo, Montenegro, and the Republic of North Macedonia. Factor analysis suggests that there are mutual expectations of the quality of service and common motivational themes (leisure and cultural exploration) across the three countries. (It is evidenced that) Durrës has a cultural-social orientation, Vlorë emphasises nature, and Shkodër has a more complex and multidimensional motivational framework. Such findings suggest that tourism strategies should be tailored to accommodate the unique character of each place while maintaining consistent service quality. For all destinations, cluster analysis separates two major tourist segments: (1) high engagement as well as premium tourists who seek a wide range of experiences, and (2) low engagement and goal-oriented tourists with narrow preferences. The services offered by the coast remain the primary driver, despite the diverse characteristics of the destination. Dual-tier service models and targeted marketing strategies for experience- and efficiency-oriented tourists are brought out by the findings. The study reveals a structural contrast dichotomy between high and low levels of participation as a distinctive feature of Albanian coastal tourism.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>03</month>
          <day>16</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>03</month>
          <day>16</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>236</first_page>
        </pages>
        <publisher_item>
          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">19</item_number>
        </publisher_item>
        <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US</ai:license_ref>
        </ai:program>
        <doi_data>
          <doi>10.37394/232015.2026.22.19</doi>
          <resource>https://wseas.com/journals/ead/2026/a385107-3479.pdf</resource>
        </doi_data>
        <citation_list>
          <citation key="ref0">
            <unstructured_citation>G. M. Dann, Anomie, Ego-Enhancement and tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.4, No.4, 1977, pp 184-194, doi https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(77)90037- 8.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref1">
            <unstructured_citation>J. L. Crompton, Motivations for pleasure vacation. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol.6, No. 4, 1979, pp. 408-424. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(79)90004- 5.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref2">
            <unstructured_citation>J. Gnoth, Tourism motivation and expectation formation, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, 1997, pp. 283-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160- 7383(97)80002-3.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref3">
            <unstructured_citation>Y. Yoon and M. Uysal, An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: A structural model, Tourism Management, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2005, pp.45-56, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref4">
            <unstructured_citation>D. Wang, Push-pull factors in mountain resorts: A case study of Huangshan mountain as world heritage. Chinese Geographical Science, Vol 14, No. 4, 2004, pp. 368-376. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11769-004-0043-x.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref5">
            <unstructured_citation>S. E. Iso-Ahola, Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 12, 1982, pp. 256–262., https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(82)90049- 4</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref6">
            <unstructured_citation>S. E. Iso-Ahola, Motivation for leisure. In E. L. Jackson, &amp; T. L. Burton, Understanding leisure and recreation: Mapping the past charting the future, State College: R. A. Venture Publishing. 1989, pp. 247–279.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref7">
            <unstructured_citation>S. S. Kim, C. K. Lee and D. B. Klenosky, The influence of push and pull factors at Korean national parks. Tourism Management, Vo. 24, No. 2, 2003, pp. 169-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261- 5177(02)00059-6.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref8">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Correia, P. Oom do Valle and C. Moço, Modeling motivations and perceptions of Portuguese tourists. Journal of Business Research, Vol. 60, 2007, pp. 76-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.10.013.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref9">
            <unstructured_citation>B. A. Mohammad and A. P. Som, An Analysis of Push and Pull travel motivations of foreign tourists to Jordan. International Journal of Business and Management, Vol 5, No. 12, 2010, pp. 41-50. doi: 10.5539/ijbm.v5n12p41.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref10">
            <unstructured_citation>C. Kifworo, M. Okello and I. Mapelu, The Role of Constraints in Determining Domestic Tourism Participation Behaviour: A Comparison of the Perspectives of Domestic Tourism Participants and Non-Participants. Journal of Tourism &amp; Management Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2020, pp. 643-661. http://dx.doi.org/10.26465/ojtmr.2018339534.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref11">
            <unstructured_citation>R. Mutinda and M. Mayaka, Application of destination choice model: Factors influencing domestic tourists' destination choice among residents of Nairobi, Kenya. Tourism Management, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2012, pp. 1593– 1597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2011.12.008</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref12">
            <unstructured_citation>A. H. Nikjoo and M. Ketabi, The role of push and pull factors in the way tourists choose their destination. Anatolia: An International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, Vo. 26, No. 4, 2015, pp. 588-597.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref13">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Beh and B. Bruyere, Segmentation by visitor motivation in three Kenyan national reserves. Tourism Management, Vol. 28, No. 6, 2007, pp. 1464-1471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.01.010</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref14">
            <unstructured_citation>S. Dolnicar and B. Grün, Challenging "Factor–Cluster Segmentation", Journal of Travel Research, Vol. 47, No. 1, 2008, pp. 63- 71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287508318910.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref15">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Yüksel and F. Yükse, Market segmentation based on tourists' dining preferences. Journal of Hospitality &amp; Tourism Research, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2002a, pp. 315-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/109634802237482.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref16">
            <unstructured_citation>Ph. Kotler and G. Armstrong, Principles of Marketing, 12 Edition, New York.: Pearson Education Ltd, 2008</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref17">
            <unstructured_citation>Ph. Kotler, J. Bowen, and S. Baloglu, Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 8 Edition, New York City: Pearson Higher Education, 2021</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref18">
            <unstructured_citation>M. Kotollaku, Push-pull Motivating Factors that Influence Local Tourists to Travel within Albania, WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, Vol. 21, 2024, pp. 1790– 1806. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.147.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref19">
            <unstructured_citation>M. Ramosacaj and E. Kushta, A Statistical Analysis of the Impact of Tourism on Economic Growth in Albania. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, Vol. 20, 2023, pp. 879–886. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.81.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref20">
            <unstructured_citation>V.V. Vu and V. T. Phan, Optimization of GMr (1,1) Model and Its Application in Forecast the Number of Tourist Visits to Quang Ninh Province, WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics Vol. 20, 2023, pp. 2773–2780. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.235.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref21">
            <unstructured_citation>M. Kozak, Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations, Tourism Management, Vol. 23, 2002, pp. 221- 232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261- 5177(01)00090-5.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref22">
            <unstructured_citation>Y. Hua and J.J.-E. Yoo, Travel Motivations of Mainland Chinese Travelers to the United States. Journal of China Tourism Research, Vol. 7, No. 4, 2011, pp. 355-376.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref23">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Talavirya and M. Laskin, Simulation Modeling of the Operation of the Toll Plaza with Reversible Lanes, WSEAS Transactions on Systems, Vol. 23, 2024, pp. 215–222. https://doi.org/10.37394/23202.2024.23.24.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref24">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Mbrica, E. Qosja, A. Braholli, I. Keçi, Travel Motivation Factors of Domestic Tourists in Albania, in: Crises and Creative Destruction: Opportunity for Remodeling the Economy and Society. International Scientific Conference Albanian Studies Days IX, 2022, pp. 40–47.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref25">
            <unstructured_citation>E. Qosja, B. Liçaj, A. Mbrica, A. Braholli, Analysis of the Tourist Offer of the Vlora Region from the Viewpoint of Tourism Stakeholders, Economicus, Vol. 21, 2022, pp. 63–77.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
        </citation_list>
      </journal_article>
    </journal>
  </body>
</doi_batch>