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        <full_title>WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON FLUID MECHANICS</full_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1790-5087</issn>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2224-347X</issn>
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      <journal_article>
        <titles>
          <title>Numerical Investigation of Turbulent Flow around an Obstacle: Effects of Inclination Angle on Flow Dynamics</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Nora</given_name>
            <surname>Bensider</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Theoretical and Applied Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene USTHB, BP 32, 16111, USTHB, Algiers, ALGERIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Amina</given_name>
            <surname>Mataoui</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Theoretical and Applied Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene USTHB, BP 32, 16111, USTHB, Algiers, ALGERIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Samira Hamaili</given_name>
            <surname>Louaifi</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Theoretical and Applied Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene USTHB, BP 32, 16111, USTHB, Algiers, ALGERIA</institution_name>
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        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>This paper proposes a numerical study of a turbulent flow around an inclined square obstacle in a channel. The objective of this work is to examine the effect of the obstacle inclination (θ) on the boundary layer separation. The two-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations (2D-URANS) were solved by the finite volume method using the shear stress transport k- model ((SST-(k-ω)) for turbulence closure. Validation is carried out with available experimental data and large eddy simulation (LES) results of the no inclined case (θ=0∘). Six obstacle inclinations in the range 0∘ ≤θ≤45 ∘, for Reynolds number Re=3000, are examined. The results show that the Strouhal number (St) increases linearly until it reaches a maximum value (St = 0.145) for a critical angle (θ = 15°), then decreases below this value.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>12</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2025</year>
        </publication_date>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>12</month>
          <day>31</day>
          <year>2025</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>189</first_page>
        </pages>
        <publisher_item>
          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">19</item_number>
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          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US</ai:license_ref>
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          <doi>10.37394/232013.2025.20.19</doi>
          <resource>https://wseas.com/journals/fluids/2025/a385113-016(2025).pdf</resource>
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