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        <full_title>WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS</full_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1790-0832</issn>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2224-3402</issn>
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        <titles>
          <title>ELM meets ASP – Automatic Rule Discovery for Real-Time Long-Term Time-Series Forecasting using ELM Auto-Encoders and Rule-Aware ELM Predictors</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Mohamed</given_name>
            <surname>El-Bahnasawi</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>nstitute for Smart Systems Technologies, Universität Klagenfurt, AUSTRIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Witesyavwirwa Vianney</given_name>
            <surname>Kambale</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Kyandoghere</given_name>
            <surname>Kyamakya</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>nstitute for Smart Systems Technologies, Universität Klagenfurt, AUSTRIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
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        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>This paper presents a fully analytic, neuro-symbolic forecasting pipeline that automatically extracts symbolic rules from multivariate time-series and embeds them as differentiable constraints in an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) predictor. An ELM-based auto-encoder (ELM-AE) first learns latent descriptors in closed form; these descriptors are discretised and mined for frequent temporal patterns. Association-rule and inductive-logic discovery yield a library of Answer Set Programming (ASP) clauses. The clauses are re-encoded as hinge-loss penalties inside a second closed-form ELM forecaster (ELM-F), yielding long-horizon predictions that are both accurate and rule-consistent. The entire system trains rapidly on commodity hardware and runs in real time on microcontrollers, making it attractive for safety-critical digital-twin applications such as those for battery management systems. Beyond its novel algorithmic contributions, this paper also provides a hands-on tutorial on applying analytic ELM methods and symbolic rule integration to practical forecasting problems.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>04</month>
          <day>21</day>
          <year>2026</year>
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          <month>04</month>
          <day>21</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>276</first_page>
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          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">21</item_number>
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          <doi>10.37394/23209.2026.23.21</doi>
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