<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch version="5.4.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.4.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.4.0 https://www.crossref.org/schemas/crossref5.4.0.xsd" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xmlns:fr="http://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" xmlns:rel="http://www.crossref.org/relations.xsd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <head>
    <doi_batch_id>NONE</doi_batch_id>
    <timestamp>20260224121001734</timestamp>
    <depositor>
      <depositor_name>wseas/wseas</depositor_name>
      <email_address>content-registration-form+ja@crossref.org</email_address>
    </depositor>
    <registrant>content-registration-form</registrant>
  </head>
  <body>
    <journal>
      <journal_metadata>
        <full_title>WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL</full_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1991-8763</issn>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2224-2856</issn>
      </journal_metadata>
      <journal_article>
        <titles>
          <title>Enhancement of Power Quality and Power Flow Evaluation of a Photovoltaic Integrated UPQC System in a Distribution System</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Oluwafunso Oluwole</given_name>
            <surname>Osaloni</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti, Ekit State, NIGERIA</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Oliver</given_name>
            <surname>Dzobo</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Johannesburg, SOUTH AFRICA </institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
        </contributors>
        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>The rising awareness of green energy has boosted the use of distributed storage and renewables in networks and microgrids. As a result, the rising use of power electronic devices has significantly contributed to declining power quality (PQ) in distribution networks. The photovoltaic (PV) integrated unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) presented in this paper operating using a flexible compensatory strategy built on the adjustable leaky least mean square (ALLMS) algorithm. This soft-computing approach attains faster convergence by updating parameters iteratively within defined bounds. The ALLMS-based algorithm generates UPQC control signals without needing low-pass filters to clean distorted voltages and currents. It corrects point of common coupling (PCC) current harmonics and low power factor, while maintaining network and PV power balance via the shunt VSC’s feed-forward compensation. It also regulates the DC-link voltage, while the series converter maintains a pure sinusoidal load voltage despite grid sags, swells, or harmonics.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>02</month>
          <day>24</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>02</month>
          <day>24</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>9</first_page>
        </pages>
        <publisher_item>
          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">2</item_number>
        </publisher_item>
        <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US</ai:license_ref>
        </ai:program>
        <doi_data>
          <doi>10.37394/23203.2026.21.2</doi>
          <resource>https://wseas.com/journals/sac/2026/a045103-1384.pdf</resource>
        </doi_data>
        <citation_list>
          <citation key="ref0">
            <unstructured_citation>K. Srilakshmi et al., “Optimal design of solar/wind/battery and EV fed UPQC for power quality and power flow management using enhanced most valuable player algorithm,” Front. Energy Res., vol. 11, p. 134-145, 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref1">
            <unstructured_citation>C.U. Eya, A.O. Salau, S.L. Braide, S.B. Goyal, V.A. Owoeye, and O. O. Osaloni, “Assessment of Total Harmonic Distortion in Buck-Boost DC-AC Converters using Triangular Wave and Saw-Tooth based Unipolar Modulation Schemes”. WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems, vol.17, P 324-338, 2022, https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2022.17.33.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref2">
            <unstructured_citation>O.S. Agunbiade, M.O. Onibonoje, O.O. Osaloni, “Techniques for optimal sizing and placement of renewable energy generators in power distribution grid: A review,” AIP Conf. Proc. 3169, Brazil (2025).</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref3">
            <unstructured_citation>S. K. Yadav, K. B. Yadav, and A. Priyadarshi, “Performance analysis of three-phase solar PV, BESS, and Wind integrated UPQC for power quality improvement,” Computer. Electrical. Eng., vol. 116, p. 109-203, 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref4">
            <unstructured_citation>O. O. Osaloni and A. K. Saha, “Impact of Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner Allocation in Radial Distribution Network,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Africa, vol. 59, pp. 135–150, 2022.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref5">
            <unstructured_citation>O.O. Osaloni, A.S. Akinyemi, A.A. Adebiyi, And A. O. Salau, “An Effective Control Technique to Implement an IUPQC Design for Sensitive Loads in a Hybrid Solar PV-Grid Connection”. WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 18, P 26-38, 2023. https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.4.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref6">
            <unstructured_citation>D. R. Mani, S. Muthu, and K. Kasilingam, “Enhanced power quality and efficient photovoltaic integration with a PV-based unified power quality conditioner using optimized MPPT technique,” Electr. Eng. Journal, Vol. 30, pp. 1–22, 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref7">
            <unstructured_citation>D. Al-Baik and V. Khadkikar, “Effect of variable PV power on the grid power factor under different load conditions,” in 2011 2nd International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), Procal Canada Int. J. 2011, pp. 1–5.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref8">
            <unstructured_citation>N. I. Nimalsiri et al., “A new energy management scheme for electric vehicles microgrids concerning demand response and reduced emission,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 114973, 2023.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref9">
            <unstructured_citation>S. Devassy and B. Singh, “Design and Performance Analysis of Three-Phase Solar PV Integrated UPQC,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 73–81, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2754983.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref10">
            <unstructured_citation>R.T. Hock, Y.R. de Novaes, A.L. Batschauer, R.T. Hock, and Y.R. de Novaes, “A Voltage Regulator for Power Quality Improvement in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids,” ITPE, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 2050–2060, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2017.2693239.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref11">
            <unstructured_citation>K. Sarita et al., “Power enhancement with grid stabilization of renewable energy-based generation system using UPQC-FLC-EVA technique,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 207443– 207464, 2020.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref12">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Patel, S. K. Yadav, and H. D. Mathur, “Utilizing UPQC-DG to export reactive power to grid with power angle control method,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 209, p. 107944, 2022.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref13">
            <unstructured_citation>P. K. Ray, P. S. Puhan, A. K. Das, D. Pradhan, and L. Meher, “Comparative Analysis of Different Control Techniques Implementation in UPQC for Power Quality Improvement,” in Sustainable Energy and Technological Advancements, Springer, 2022, pp. 147–161.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref14">
            <unstructured_citation>N. C. S. Sarita, S. S. Reddy, and P. Sujatha, “Control strategies for power quality enrichment in Distribution network using UPQC,” Mater. Todayi Proc., vol. 80, pp. 2872– 2882, Japan 2023.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref15">
            <unstructured_citation>T. Thenmozhi, M.V. S. Devi, and S. Kavitha, “Improvement of Power Quality Using PV with UPQC,” in 2022 8th International Conference on Smart Structures and Systems (ICSSS), 2022,pp.1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSSS54381.2022.978 2210.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref16">
            <unstructured_citation>D.A. Fernandes, F.F. Costa, J.R.S. Martins, A.S. Lock, E.R.C. Da Silva, and M.A. Vitorino, “Sensitive Load Voltage Compensation Performed by a Suitable Control Method,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 4877–4885, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2017.2715173.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref17">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Mahendru and R. K. Varma, “Reduction in System Losses and Power Demand by Combination of Optimal Power Flow and Conservation Voltage Reduction Using Smart PV Inverters,” IEEE Power Energy Soc. Gen. Meet., vol. 2019-August, Aug. 2019, https://doi.org/10.1109/PESGM40551.2019.8 973566.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref18">
            <unstructured_citation>T. Ercan, O. Sedehi, L.S. Katafygiotis, and C. Papadimitriou, “Information theoretic-based optimal sensor placement for virtual sensing using augmented Kalman filtering,” Mech. Syst. Signal Process., vol. 188, p. 110031, 2023.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref19">
            <unstructured_citation>K. Srilakshmi et al., “Simulation of grid/standalone solar energy supplied reduced switch converter with optimal fuzzy logic controller using golden Ball Algorithm,” Front. Energy Res., vol. 12, p. 137-140, 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref20">
            <unstructured_citation>R. K. Agarwal, I. Hussain, B. Singh, A. Chandra, and K. Al-Haddad, “Improved power quality of three-phase grid connected solar energy conversion system under grid voltages distortion and imbalances,” IEEE Ind. Appl. Soc. 52nd Annu. Meet. IAS 2016, Nov. 2016, https://doi.org/10.1109/IAS.2016.7731823.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref21">
            <unstructured_citation>C. L. Babu and T. G. Manohar, “An Improved Power Quality in a Renewable Energy-based Microgrid System Using Flexible Hybrid UPQC Control Strategy,” Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev, vol. 36, pp. 217–231, 2023.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref22">
            <unstructured_citation>R. Sharma and B. Singh, “Resilient control algorithm for wind-hydro based distributed generation system with grid synchronization capability,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 59, no. 4, pp. 4687–4699, 2023.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref23">
            <unstructured_citation>M. Seshu, P. K. Sundaram, and M. V. Ramesh, “A novel PQ improvement in multiparallel feeder distribution system using multi- convertible UPQC device,” Int. J. Appl., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 382–395, 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref24">
            <unstructured_citation>L. B. Chilakapati and T. G. Manohar, “Control Strategies for Enhancing Power Quality with Unified Power Quality Conditioner in a Solar- PV Integrated Utility System,” Int. J. Exp. Res. Rev, vol. 35, pp. 1– 15, 2023.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref25">
            <unstructured_citation>P. Ray, P. K. Ray, B. P. Behera, and N. Singh, “An ANF Cascaded Normalized-CF-SOHO Based Control Approach and Analysis of PVUPQC Under Highly Non-Ideal Grid and Load Conditions,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 16, P 770-785, 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref26">
            <unstructured_citation>K. Srilakshmi, K. Krishna Jyothi, G. Kalyani, and Y. Sai Prakash Goud, “Design of UPQC with solar PV and battery storage systems for power quality improvement,” Cybern Int,J. Syst., pp. 1–30, 2023.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref27">
            <unstructured_citation>M. L. Duc, P. Bilik, and R. Martinek, “Enhancing Power Quality in Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Using the Multi-Criteria Selection Method,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 470– 477 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref28">
            <unstructured_citation>O.O. Osaloni, A.S. Akinyemi, A.A. Adebiyi, K. Moloi, A.O. Salau, “Optimal Power Quality Enhancement using a Radial Distribution System with an Improved Unified Power Quality Conditioner,” WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 18, pp.158-171. 2023. https://doi.org/10.37394/232016.2023.18.17.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref29">
            <unstructured_citation>D. U. Achilihu, O. O. Osaloni, J. A. Akinwumi, “Load Frequency Control of a Hybrid Power System that Uses a Fuzzy Logic Controller Tuned by the Bees Algorithm,” IEEE International Conference on Emerging &amp; Sustainable Technologies for Power &amp; ICT in a Developing Society (NIGERCON), 1–5, ABUAD 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref30">
            <unstructured_citation>J. Dang, Y. Wang, R. Jia, X. Wang, and G. Cao, “Dual-layer loss reduction strategy for virtual distribution transformer integrating energy storage converter,” J. Energy Storage, vol. 90, p. 111889, 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref31">
            <unstructured_citation>O.S. Agunbiade, M.O. Onibonoje, O.O. Osaloni, “Techniques for optimal sizing and placement of renewable energy generators in power distribution grid: A review,” AIP Conf. Proc. 3169, 040129 Kenya (2025).</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref32">
            <unstructured_citation>M. G. Ayodeji, C. C. Ndubisi, K. N. Akang, A. A. Dyem, A. Daniel, O. O. Oluwafunso, E. O. Oluwalade, J. O. Dada, “Design and Construction of A 500-watt Iot Based Portable Solar Power Generating Station,” 2024 IEEE 5th International Conference on ElectroComputing Technologies for Humanity (NIGERCON). pp.25-31, South Africa 2024.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref33">
            <unstructured_citation>O. O. Osaloni, O. T. Ibitoye, “Loss mitigation in distribution systems using power electronic transformers,” AIP Conf. Proc. 3169, 040086 2 Abuad (2025).</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
        </citation_list>
      </journal_article>
    </journal>
  </body>
</doi_batch>