<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<doi_batch version="5.4.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.4.0" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.4.0 https://www.crossref.org/schemas/crossref5.4.0.xsd" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xmlns:fr="http://www.crossref.org/fundref.xsd" xmlns:ai="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" xmlns:rel="http://www.crossref.org/relations.xsd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
  <head>
    <doi_batch_id>NONE</doi_batch_id>
    <timestamp>20260108114335423</timestamp>
    <depositor>
      <depositor_name>wseas/wseas</depositor_name>
      <email_address>content-registration-form+ja@crossref.org</email_address>
    </depositor>
    <registrant>content-registration-form</registrant>
  </head>
  <body>
    <journal>
      <journal_metadata>
        <full_title>WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS</full_title>
        <issn media_type="print">1109-2777</issn>
        <issn media_type="electronic">2224-2678</issn>
      </journal_metadata>
      <journal_article>
        <titles>
          <title>Jordanian Imports and Exports for the period from 2018 to 2023 and the Effects of the Coronavirus Pandemic in 2020 on them and Its Impact on Customs Revenue Accounting</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Morad Khaled</given_name>
            <surname>Radaideh</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Al-Balqa Applied University, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4241-6705</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Khaled Mohammed</given_name>
            <surname>Al-Sawaie</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Zarqa University, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9866-2736</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Omar Ghaleb</given_name>
            <surname>Arabiat</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Al-Balqa Applied University, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5854-3978</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Mousa Mohammad</given_name>
            <surname>Saleh</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Al-Balqa Applied University, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-8561</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Mohammad Mahmoud</given_name>
            <surname>Humeedat</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Al-Balqa Applied University, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-7178</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Ala'a Mansour</given_name>
            <surname>Khresat</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Al-Balqa Applied University, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8842-8804</ORCID>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Taghreed Abdellatief</given_name>
            <surname>Alazzam</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Al-Balqa Applied University, JORDAN</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
            <ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4851-2166</ORCID>
          </person_name>
        </contributors>
        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>The study aimed to identify the reality of imports and exports of goods and commodities during the period from 2018 to 2023 the extent of the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on them during the year 2020, and its impact on the revenues collected by the Jordanian Customs Department. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was followed, by collecting the necessary data from official documents and reports issued by the Jordanian Customs Department during the study period. The study showed that imports were in a state of decline from 2018 to 2020, which was the year of the Coronavirus pandemic, and witnessed the largest decline in the value of imports, to gradually rise again after 2020, while national exports were in a state of increase since 2018 and 2019 to decline in 2020 due to the pandemic, then rose again significantly in the following three years, as for customs revenues, due to their great connection to imports, they were in a state of gradual decline in the years before the pandemic to witness the largest decline in 2020 and then rose again in the years following the pandemic. Based on the results of the study, the study recommended the need to expand the use of artificial intelligence technologies in predicting crises to avoid their negative effects on the economy in general, and on production processes in particular, and to increase the focus on diversified production of various goods, to increase the pace of diversification in exports.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="print">
          <month>01</month>
          <day>08</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>01</month>
          <day>08</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>44</first_page>
        </pages>
        <publisher_item>
          <item_number item_number_type="article_number">5</item_number>
        </publisher_item>
        <ai:program name="AccessIndicators">
          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.en_US</ai:license_ref>
        </ai:program>
        <doi_data>
          <doi>10.37394/23202.2026.25.5</doi>
          <resource>https://wseas.com/journals/systems/2026/a105107-3197.pdf</resource>
        </doi_data>
        <citation_list>
          <citation key="ref0">
            <unstructured_citation>M. Bendjima and N. Bendjima, "The Repercussions of Covid-19 and Its Negative Effects on the Global Economy, Algeria Case Study," Al-Bishara Economic Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 793, 2021.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref1">
            <unstructured_citation>B. Hamdan, "The Effect of Exports and Imports on Economic Growth in the Arab Countries: A Panel Data Approach," International Journal of Development Research, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 12193- 12202, 2022.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref2">
            <unstructured_citation>M. Rafiqulislam and A. Muyeed, "Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Global Economy: A Meta-Analysis Approach," International Journal of Technical Research &amp; Science, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 8-19, 2020.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref3">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Mousserati and A. Beddiar, "The Impact of the Crisis of COVID-19 on the Algerian Economy - Impact Based on the Nature and Characteristics of the Economy," Journal of North African Economics, vol. 17, no. 27, pp. 31-46, 2021.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref4">
            <unstructured_citation>S. A. M. Saraireh, I. M. Khanji, and R. M. Airout, "Investigating the Impact of Minimum Wages on Jordan’s Industrial Exports," WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, vol. 19, pp. 924-937, 2022, https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.81.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref5">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Thiabat, R. Abdul Baqi, M. Al-Nabulsi, and A. Bataineh, "The Consumer Price Index and its Role in Influencing Exports, Food Imports, and the Local Output of the Jordanian Agricultural Sector," WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, vol. 21, pp. 1428-1440, 2024, https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2024.21.117.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref6">
            <unstructured_citation>I. Ellaythy and Y. Osman, "The Implications of COVID-19 on the Imports of Oil from Saudi Arabia: The Case of Highest-Importer Asian Countries," WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, vol. 20, pp. 1564-1580, 2023, https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.138.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref7">
            <unstructured_citation>R. Istaiteyeh, F. Najem, and N. Saqfalhait, "Exports- and Imports-Led Growth: Evidence from a Time Series Analysis, Case of Jordan," Economies, vol. 11, no. 5, p. 135, 2023, doi: 10.3390/economies11050135.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref8">
            <unstructured_citation>(text in Turkish) Ş. Karabulut, The Impact of Imports on Exports in Türkiye (Türkiye'de İthalatın İhracata Etkisi), Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 76-90, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.11611/yead.607439.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref9">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Nashwan, M. Karadsheh, and A. AlKhatatneh, "Consequences of Corona Pandemic in Jordanian Society: An Analytical Social Study," Journal of Dirasat, Human and Social Sciences, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 353-369, 2023, doi: 10.35516/hum.v50i1.4417.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref10">
            <unstructured_citation>A. K. S. Ulyaan, "The Political and Economic Consequences of Coronavirus Pandemic on the Political and Economic Global System," Journal of Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 354-381, 2021.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref11">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Jubran, M. K. Radaideh, and K. M. AlSawaie, "The Nexus between Taxes and Jordanian Economic Growth," WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, vol. 20, pp. 721-725, Nov. 2024, https://doi.org/10.37394/232015.2024.20.68.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref12">
            <unstructured_citation>A. Jubran, M. K. Radaideh, and K. M. AlSawaie, "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Job Opportunities in the Jordanian Economy," in From Machine Learning to Artificial Intelligence, Springer, 2025, pp. 1589-1601, doi: 10.1007/978-3-031- 76011-2_120.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref13">
            <unstructured_citation>W. C. Sawyer and R. L. Sprinkle, "Econometric Estimation of Trade Elasticities," in The Demand for Imports and Exports in the World Economy, Routledge, 2019, pp. 5-14.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref14">
            <unstructured_citation>C. Stirböck, "How Strong is the Impact of Exports and Other Demand Components on German Import Demand? Evidence from EuroArea and Non-Euro-Area Imports," SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2785266.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref15">
            <unstructured_citation>S. E. Haynes and J. A. Stone, "Cross-Price Effects in Demand between Exports and Imports," Journal of Macroeconomics, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 181-195, Mar. 1984, doi: 10.1016/0164-0704(84)90004-1.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref16">
            <unstructured_citation>M. R. Agosin and D. Tussie, "Trade and Growth: New Dilemmas in Trade Policy — An Overview," in Trade and Growth, Palgrave Macmillan, 1993, pp. 1-39.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref17">
            <unstructured_citation>L. L. Stone, "Intra-Industry Trade and Economic Growth," in The Growth of IntraIndustry Trade, Routledge, 2021, pp. 71-80.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref18">
            <unstructured_citation>J. S. L. Mccombie, "Harrod, Economic Growth and International Trade," in Economic Dynamics, Trade and Growth, Palgrave Macmillan, 1998, pp. 212-251, doi: 10.1007/978-1-349-26931-0_8.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
          <citation key="ref19">
            <unstructured_citation>H. Jain, "Trade Liberalization, Manufacturing Growth and Environmental Externalities," in Trade Liberalisation, Economic Growth and Environmental Externalities, Springer, 2016, pp. 111-124, doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-2887-8_6.</unstructured_citation>
          </citation>
        </citation_list>
      </journal_article>
    </journal>
  </body>
</doi_batch>