Abstract: Recent advancements in battery technology have made electric vehicles (EV) more affordable, leading to their increased use around the world. However, the increase in EV numbers is creating pressure on the power system, where the high power demand for EV charging is causing grid overload in multiple areas, resulting in voltage instability. This study investigates the use of EV chargers and batteries for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. We used Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Lock Loop (SRF-PLL) technique and phase compensation to design a synchronization system for EV chargers in V2G operation. An internal 60-Hz power source is incorporated in the SRF-PLL system to enable EV chargers to operate in inverter mode during grid outages. In addition, a control strategy is considered for exploiting EV battery packs to stabilize grid voltage. Key research outcomes include effective synchronization of EV charger with grid, improved voltage stability, faster system response, and enabled usage of EV battery packs for multiple consumer applications. The outcomes help extend EV capability, broadening their practical use for both the vehicle owners and power grid operators. This, in turn, contributes to accelerating adoption of EVs for reducing harmful emissions and protecting the environment.

Keywords: Battery, bidirectional chargers, electric vehicle, power grid, phase-lock loop, vehicle-to-grid (V2G)

Pages: 221-239