Abstract: The agricultural sector is undergoing a profound structural transformation driven by global challenges and socio-economic and environmental changes. The growing need for adaptation and innovation among agricultural enterprises is reflected in increased strategic investment activities aimed at improving sustainability, resilience, and productivity. Empirical evidence shows a clear prioritisation of investments in technological innovation as a key driver of modernisation and competitiveness. In contrast, responses to other global challenges, including geopolitical instability, socio-demographic shifts, economic fluctuations, and environmental pressures, remain fragmented. The availability and structure of financial resources, such as European Union funds, national subsidies, and commercial financing, significantly influence investment behaviour and priorities. Quantitative analyses confirm statistically significant relationships between investment scale, sources, timing, and the types of global challenges addressed. These findings highlight the need for targeted policy instruments and integrated innovation ecosystems to strengthen the adaptive capacity and long-term sustainability of agricultural enterprises.

Keywords: agricultural enterprises, agricultural policies, global challenges and trends, agricultural innovation, investment sources, agri-food system transformation

Pages: 402-412